Chapter 8: Comparison of Parallel Passages

One of the most important principles in biblical interpretation is to allow Scripture to interpret Scripture. This principle puts the interpreter in the position of allowing the Divine Author of Scripture to speaking for Himself. One of the methods of using this principle is to compare parallel passages. When seeking parallel passages it is important to be able to discern between what is and is not a true parallel. Without such discernment it is possible to wrest the meaning of the Scripture and make it to say something that it does not teach.

There are few parallels, for example, that are expected to be found in the book of Proverbs. Rather, Proverbs is made up of several concise statements of truth and wisdom. While the book of Proverbs may be divided into general subjects, such as the treatment of the evil woman in chapter seven, there is little connection between the varied verses. However, a large portion of the biblical text posses clear parallels and by comparing such instances great light and understanding is brought to the text. In fact, the principle of parallel passages brings light upon certain words and statements of Scripture that would otherwise be very difficult to comprehend.

One foundational rule of seeking for parallels is to first compare them in the writings of the same author. Each writer can be distinguished by a style of his own and may in one writing expound more or less on a particular subject. Adding to this self-evident rule, some of the most valuable parallels are found by comparing passages of the same class, or category. Historical passages may be compared with other historical passages, those that are prophetic with other prophetic passages, and didactic with didactic. Those familiar with the New Testament will be able to see the soundness in this rule when considering the epistles of the Apostle Paul. Comparing the teaching of Paul’s letters first among themselves and then by class will shed great light upon the text.

When speaking of parallel passages it is common to take notice of parallels that are verbal and those that are called real. Verbal parallels are those where the same word occurs within the context of a similar subject matter. This type of parallel is useful in ascertaining the meaning of words. That which is sometimes called a real parallel consists of passages that share similar facts, subjects, sentiments, or doctrines. Such parallels may also be evaluated both historically and doctrinally. A good exegete will consider not just the verbal and real parallels, but take into account all parallels when interpreting the text.